Could we restrict the question to just Chinese culture? I think Asian culture is too sweeping: Iran, China, and India don't have much relationship to each other culture-wise, and I think what we'd all end up talking about is China, really, one way or the other.

I have no firm thoughts about your question though, except that I think culture is more a reflection of what a particular group of people thinks about human nature and that parenting would be a part of that reflection rather than the cause of it.

Agree we can restrict it to Chinese culture.

I partially agree with you. I think it's a self-reinforcing mechanism that entrenches each culture. A parent only knows what do via their own experiences as a child plus clues and cues taken from the wider world they live in. But that melds the minds of the next generation in the same mould and so the cycle repeats. What is more interesting is how in the last 50 years the nature of child-raising has changed, at least in the West. Whether this is because of the rapid changes in society since WW2 or partially the cause of those changes I am not so sure.